Alignment of fiber optic bundle to array waveguide using pins

ABSTRACT

A device and method for aligning a fiber optic bundle with an array waveguide uses pins that partially extend into both the fiber optic bundle and the array waveguide to achieve course alignment. In one embodiment, the pins are inserted into holes formed by V-grooves in the fiber optic bundle. Finely aligning the fiber optic bundle and the array waveguide may be done by manual adjustment.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/738,686 filed Dec. 15, 2000, entitled “ALIGNMENT OF FIBER OPTIC BUNDLE TO ARRAY WAVEGUIDE USING PINS”. The U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/738,686 is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

This patent application is related to:

-   -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/738,799, filed Dec. 15,         2000, entitled “ALIGNMENT OF FIBER OPTIC BUNDLE TO ARRAY         WAVEGUIDE USING AN EPOXY”; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,628,865, filed         Dec. 15, 2000, and issued Sep. 30, 2003, entitled “ALIGNMENT OF         OPTICAL FIBERS TO AN ETCHED ARRAY WAVEGUIDE”.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/738,686 filed Dec. 15, 2000, entitled “ALIGNMENT OF FIBER OPTIC BUNDLE TO ARRAY WAVEGUIDE USING PINS”. The U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/738,686 is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

The described invention relates to the field of optics. In particular, the invention relates to coupling a fiber optic bundle to a planar photonic structure, such as an array waveguide (“AWG”).

2. Description of Related Art

Fiber optic bundles and AWGs are both used for propagating light. A fiber optic bundle has multiple optical fibers for propagating light, and an AWG has multiple channels for propagating light within. Coupling a fiber optic bundle to an AWG, however, is not easy. Manual alignment requires detecting and maximizing light connectivity between the fiber optic bundle and the AWG. Once a good connection is obtained, permanently fixing the alignment is required.

FIG. 1A shows a prior art fiber optic bundle 10. The fiber optic bundle 10 comprises multiple optical fibers 12 sandwiched between two retainers 16 and 18. The retainers are substrates made of silicon, for example, that are appropriately masked with a suitable etch mask. Thereafter, symmetrically spaced unmasked areas of the substrate are exposed to a chosen anisotropic etchant, such as hot KOH or ethylenediamine. This etchant preferentially attacks a chosen (100) crystallographic plane of the silicon substrate and preferentially etches in a vertical direction until V-shaped grooves (“V-grooves”) are attained. Upon completion of these V-shaped grooves, optical fibers are placed in the grooves and come to rest in alignment with the center of the V-grooves between the retainers 16 and 18.

FIG. 1B shows a prior art single retainer without the optical fibers. The two retainers 16 and 18 sandwich the optical fibers together as a termination block for the fiber optic bundle. The termination block maintains the spacing between the optical fibers and allows for easily handling the fiber optic bundle. The ends of the optical fibers 22 are typically polished after being set in the termination block.

FIG. 2 shows a prior art example of an AWG. The AWG comprises multiple channels 30 running through the AWG. The AWG may comprise a glass, silicon, oxide or polymer substrate. The channels are made of materials having a slightly higher index of refraction than the rest of the AWG. AWGs and fiber optic bundles may be made with various numbers of channels.

FIG. 3 shows a side view of a fiber optic bundle being aligned to an AWG 42. The optical fibers of the fiber optic bundle and the channels of the AWG have identical spacings and number. A dotted line 45 shows the channels in the AWG. An epoxy 50 is used to hold the termination block 40 of the fiber optic bundle to the AWG 42, but alignment must be maintained. It is difficult to achieve alignment, i.e., photonically couple the optical fibers to the AWG channels, and then to epoxy without losing alignment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A shows a prior art fiber optic bundle

FIG. 1B shows a prior art single retainer without the optical fibers.

FIG. 2 shows a prior art example of an AWG.

FIG. 3 shows a side view of a fiber optic bundle being aligned to an AWG.

FIG. 4 shows a first embodiment for aligning a fiber optic bundle to an AWG.

FIG. 5A shows a second embodiment for aligning a fiber optic bundle with an AWG using pins (or dowels/rods).

FIG. 5B shows an AWG corresponding to the fiber optic bundle of FIG. 5A.

FIG. 6 shows a cross section of a fiber optic block and an AWG joined with pins 200 to perform a coarse alignment.

FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment for aligning optical fibers to an AWG.

FIG. 8 shows a side view of the retainer placed over the etched AWG having channels within.

FIG. 9 shows another embodiment in which the AWG is etched a predetermined depth below the AWG surface before etching the V-grooves.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

There are several ways of improving alignment between a fiber optic bundle and an AWG. In some cases, quick coarse alignment is followed up with finely aligning the fiber optic bundle and AWG afterwards.

FIG. 4 shows a first embodiment for aligning a fiber optic bundle to an AWG. In this embodiment, the AWG 142 is mounted to a base 110. The fiber optic bundle's termination head 140 is also mounted to the base 110 via a high viscosity epoxy 120. In one embodiment, a spacer 122 attached to the base 110 may be used to reduce the thickness of epoxy 120 employed.

Typical epoxies such as that used in prior art FIG. 3 shrink when cured. This post-bond shrinkage is not a problem in the prior art FIG. 3 since it pulls the termination head 40 closer to the AWG 42. However, if the epoxy of FIG. 4 shrinks, alignment of the fiber optic bundle with the AWG will suffer, as the termination block 140 is pulled toward the base 110.

An epoxy having a silicate content of over 70% by volume has been found to reduce shrinkage. Additionally, the high silicate content makes the epoxy very viscous allowing for manual alignment being maintained after being achieved. Thus, alignment of the termination head 140 and the AWG 142 can be achieved without significant post-bond shrinkage as the epoxy is cured by heat or other methods.

Raising the silicate content of the epoxy to up to 90% by volume reduces the post-bond shrinkage even more. However, as the silicate content is increased, the sheer strength of the bond is reduced, so a balancing between post-bond shrinkage and sheer strength should be performed.

The alignment method using the high viscosity epoxy described provides a robust bond area for achieving and maintaining alignment between the fiber optic bundle and the AWG. Additionally, a gel having a refractive index matching the optical fibers and the AWG channels may be dispensed between the fiber optic bundle and the AWG. This helps to prevent light from scattering at an air gap between the fiber optic bundle and the AWG.

FIG. 5A shows a second embodiment for aligning a fiber optic bundle with an AWG using pins (or dowels/rods). In one embodiment, the termination head is made with optical fibers filling all of the grooves except for a groove at each end. The ends of the optical fibers are then polished, as usual. Pins 200 can then be inserted into the open grooves in the termination block of the fiber optic bundle.

FIG. 5B shows an AWG corresponding to the fiber optic bundle of FIG. 5A. The AWG has recesses 202. In one embodiment, the AWG recesses are initially filled with materials different from the rest of the AWG. This allows selective etching to form the recesses 202. However, other methods of making the recesses are possible.

The pins 200 of the fiber optic bundle fit snugly into the recesses 202 of the AWG to provide coarse alignment. Additional manual adjustment to more finely align the fiber optic bundle to the AWG may be performed.

FIG. 6 shows a cross section of a fiber optic block and an AWG joined with pins 200 to perform a coarse alignment. A gel can be dispensed between the fiber optic bundle and the AWG to provide better photonic coupling, and an epoxy is used to permanently fix the alignment.

FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment for aligning optical fibers to an AWG. In this embodiment only one retainer 300 is used in the termination block of the fiber optic bundle, and the optical fibers are attached into the one retainer 300. V-grooves are etched into the AWG's substrate in the same way that the retainer was etched, however the V-grooves on the AWG extend only a predetermined distance across the AWG from an edge of the AWG.

The one retainer 300 is placed over the V-grooves on the AWG 320 to sandwich the optical fibers between the retainer 300 and the AWG 320. The optical fibers come to rest within the V-grooves of the AWG 320. The ends of the optical fibers 322 are butted up against the ends of the AWG's V-grooves 324.

The interlocking compatibility between the retainer 300 and the V-grooves of the AWG 320 provide for quick coarse alignment of the optical fibers with the channels 350 of the AWG. Manual adjustment may then be performed to more finely align the optical fibers with the AWG.

FIG. 8 shows a side view of the retainer 300 placed over the etched AWG 320 having channels 350 within. FIG. 9 shows another embodiment in which the AWG 325 is etched a predetermined depth below the AWG surface before etching the V-grooves. This allows a better coupling to channels 355 that are deeper below the AWG surface.

In one embodiment, over-etching the AWG provides for a better ability to manually align the optical fibers and the AWG afterwards. As previously described, gel or epoxy having a refractive index matching the optical fibers and the channels of the AWG can be dispensed between the retainer and AWG.

Thus, a device and method of aligning optical fibers in a fiber optic bundle to a waveguide is disclosed. However, the specific embodiments and methods described herein are merely illustrative. Numerous modifications in form and detail may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed below. Rather, the invention is limited only by the scope of the appended claims. 

1-15. (canceled)
 16. A device comprising: a fiber optic bundle having a termination block; an array waveguide positioned adjacent to the termination block; pins each partially extending into both the termination block and the array waveguide; and a cured epoxy that bonds the termination block to the array waveguide.
 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the termination block comprises two silicon substrates having etched grooves in them, and the pins partially extend into holes formed by placing the two etched silicon substrates together.
 18. The device of claim 16, wherein the pins partially into etched recesses in the array waveguide.
 19. A method comprising: inserting one or more selected from pins, rods, and dowels, into one or more holes formed in both a fiber optic bundle and an array waveguide; pressing the fiber optic bundle and the array waveguide together so that the one or more selected from the pins, rods, and dowels, extend into both the fiber optic bundle and the array waveguide; applying an epoxy to bond the fiber optic bundle to the array waveguide; and curing the epoxy.
 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising, prior to said curing the epoxy, finely aligning optical fibers in the fiber optic bundle with channels of the array waveguide.
 21. The method of claim 20, wherein said finely aligning the optical fibers in the fiber optic bundle with the channels of the array waveguide comprises performing manual adjustment.
 22. The method of claim 19, wherein said inserting the one or more selected from the pins, rods, and dowels, into the one or more holes formed in the fiber optic bundle comprises inserting the one or more selected from the pins, rods, and dowels, into one or more holes formed by placing two etched substrates together.
 23. The method of claim 19, wherein said inserting the one or more selected from the pins, rods, and dowels, into the one or more holes formed in the array waveguide comprises inserting the one or more selected from the pins, rods, and dowels, into one or more etched holes in the array waveguide.
 24. A method comprising: coarsely aligning a fiber optic bundle with an array waveguide by: inserting pins into holes formed in an end of a fiber optic bundle; inserting opposite ends of the pins into an array waveguide; and pressing the fiber optic bundle and the array waveguide together; and finely aligning the fiber optic bundle with the array waveguide after said coarsely aligning the fiber optic bundle with the array waveguide.
 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising: applying an epoxy between the fiber optic bundle and the array waveguide; and after said finely aligning, curing the epoxy to bond the fiber optic bundle and the array waveguide.
 26. The method of claim 24, wherein said inserting the pins into the holes formed in the end of the fiber optic bundle comprises inserting the pins into holes formed by placing two etched substrates together.
 27. The method of claim 24, wherein said inserting the opposite ends of the pins into the array waveguide comprises inserting the ends of the pins into etched holes in the array waveguide.
 28. A method comprising: providing an array waveguide having a material located in positions corresponding to recesses to accommodate pins where the material is different than other materials of the array waveguide; and selectively removing the material to form the recesses to accommodate the pins.
 29. The method of claim 28, wherein said selectively removing the material comprises selectively etching the material.
 30. The method of claim 28, further comprising introducing pins into both the recesses and into holes in a fiber optic bundle.
 31. A method comprising: placing optical fibers in etched grooves in a first silicon substrate; placing a second silicon substrate having etched grooves therein such that the optical fibers are sandwiched between the etched grooves of the first and second silicon substrates and such that other etched grooves of the first and second silicon substrates form holes.
 32. The method of claim 31, further comprising inserting pins into the holes.
 33. The method of claim 31, further comprising etching the other etched grooves of the first and second silicon substrates. 